UNIT-9
Introduction to Population and Demographic Status
BLE Questions Set
- What are the determinants of population change? Explain each of them in brief.
ans:
Birth or fertility rate:
The birth or fertility rate is influenced by the composition of the population by age, marriageable age, education, occupation, religious status, nutrition, and health. The fecundity, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, etc.
Death or mortality rate:
The factor determining the population change next to birth is death. There are many elements that affect the death or mortality rate. Age, malnutrition, diseases, the composition of a population, etc affects the death or mortality rate.
Migration or migration rate:
It is considered the most complex demographic process. The possessiveness of coming in from the outside is called in-migration and the process of going out from the inside is called out-migration in the migration.
- What are the main elements of population change? Explain each of them.
Ans:
The main elements of population change are:
- Birth rate
- Death rate
- In migration
- Out-migration
- What is demography? What are its components?
ans: The word demography is formed with two words ‘demo’ and ‘graphy’. Demo means people and graphy means study. Thus, the subject that studies the human population is called demography.
Birth, death, and migration are the components of demography.
- Give a short introduction: What is migration? What is the condition of internal and external migration in Nepal?
Ans:
Migration is the third major component of the demographic process. It plays a great role in the population change of a place. Migration is the geographical or regional flow of the population.
Conditions of internal and external migration are no passport and visa is required.
5) What is migration? What is its type? Explain each of them.
Ans:
The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another is an instance of this. Migration is, first and foremost, a normal human activity. Human beings have always moved from one country, locality, and place of residence to settle in another. There are 3 types of migration and they are :
1. internal
2. External
Internal: Internal migration or domestic migration is human migration within a country. Internal migration tends to be travel for education and for economic improvement or because of a natural disaster or civil disturbance. Cross-border migration often occurs for political or economic reasons.
External: External migration occurs when a person or group of people emigrated to their own country to live in another. This is a very common pattern of human migration. Moving within a country is called internal migration, which happens quite frequently in the United States.
37) Explain the causes of rapid population growth in poor and underdeveloped countries. ( Biratnagar Metropolitan City 2075)
Ans:
A population is a distinct group of individuals, whether that group comprises a nation or a group of people with a common characteristic. In statistics, a population is the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study. Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population. Global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9 billion in 2020. Several factors are responsible for the rapid growth: a drop in mortality rates, a young population, improved standards of living, and attitudes and practices which favor high fertility. In underdeveloped countries, rapid growth of population diminishes the availability of capital per head which reduces the productivity of its labor force. Their income, as a consequence, is reduced and their capacity to save is diminished which, in turn, adversely affects capital formation. Rapid population growth leads to a country with a young average age.
33) Introduce demography and explain the determinant factors of demographic changes in short. (Birgunj Metropolitan City 2075)
Ans:
Demography is the study of the size, composition, and geographic distribution of human populations, and how the population changes due to fertility, mortality, and migration. Any change in the population, for example in terms of average age, dependency ratios, life expectancy, family structures, birth rates, etc is what changes the demography. Fertility, mortality, and migration are principal determinants of population growth. Population change depends on the natural increase changes seen in birth rates and the change seen in migration. Changes in population size can be predicted based on changes in fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration rates.
34) State any three reasons and solutions for rapid migration from the rural areas to the urban areas in Nepal. Prepare a list of steps forward by the government of Nepal in controlling population growth. ( Bharatpur Metropolitan City 2075 )
Ans:
Urbanization is a process whereby populations move from rural to urban areas, enabling cities and towns to grow. The poor economic conditions and lack of employment opportunities in villages are the main push factors that drift the rural population to the urban areas. The rural areas, which are less developed, have poor agricultural conditions and greater population pressure on land, pushing the surplus population to urban centers. A largely rural country, with only 17 percent of the population living in urban areas, Nepal is urbanizing rapidly. With a population of 2.5 million people, the Kathmandu Valley is growing at 4 percent per year, one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in South Asia, and the first region in Nepal to face the unprecedented challenges of rapid urbanization and modernization at a metropolitan scale. There are two factors for rural to urban migration in Nepal, the Pull factor and the Push factor. Opportunities for employment, physical facilities, entertainment facilities, better future, secure life, social respect, etc are the pull factors. Solutions to population Growth:
Building Sustainable and Environmentally-friendly Cities.
Provision of Essential Services.
Creation of More Jobs.
Population Control.
steps forward by the government of Nepal in controlling population growth:
The current plan has made population management a central development goal, setting objectives of moving toward a two-child family norm and bringing fertility to replacement level — the level at which a couple has only enough children to replace themselves, or about two children per couple — within 20 years.
36) What is the infant mortality rate? The total population of a village in 2068 B.S. was 45000. If 23000 new babies were born and 3400 babies died in that village in the same years, find out the infant mortality rate. ( Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan City 2075)
Ans:
The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births. In addition to giving us key information about maternal and infant health, the infant mortality rate is an important marker of the overall health of a society.
Numerical –
solution: We have,
Death of infants (D) = 3400
Birth of infants (B)= 23000
Mid-year population (P)= 45000
Now,
IMR= D/b * 1000
= 3400/23000*1000
= 147.8
17) What is meant by demography?What are the determinants of population change? According to the survey of 2073 BS, the number of infant mortality in Sunwal Municipality in a year was 40 and the total live birth of the village was 500. Find the infant mortality rate of Sunwal Municipality.
ans:
The word ‘Demography’ is derived from the Greek language which means a scientific study of population. It is formed with two words ‘Demos’ and ‘Graphy’. ‘Demos’ means people and ‘Graphy’ means study. Thus the subject that studies the human population is called demography.
The determinants of population change are:
- Birth or fertility rate
- Death or mortality rate
- Migration or migration rate
Solution
Given
Infant mortality(D)=40
Live Births(b)=500
Now
IMR=
18) In the year 2071 BS, in a village of Nepal, the total population was 9000. In the same year 300 people in-migrated and 200 people out-migrated from there, calculate the net-migration rate and gross migration rate in the village.(Set18)
Solution
Given
Mid-year population(P)=9000
In-migration rate(I)=300
Out-migration rate(o=200
Now
NMR
NMR
NMR=11.11
19) What is the crude death rate? According to the survey done in a village in 2068 BS, the total number of deaths was 40 and the total population was 500. Calculate the crude death rate.
ans:
Crude death rate is the simplest procedure of calculation rate.
Solution
Given
Total population(P)=500
Death(D)=40
Now
CDR=
CDR
CDR=80
20) What are the main causes of population change? Explain in brief.
Population change is the difference in the size of a population between the end and the beginning of a given time period. The main causes of population change are
- Birth or fertility rate: The birth or fertility rate is influenced by the composition of the population by age, marriageable age, education, occupation, religious status, nutrition, and health.
- Death or mortality rate: The factor determining the population change next to birth is death. There are several factors that affect the death rate such as the composition of the population, facility of health care, occupation and nature of the work, etc.
- Migration or migration rate: It is considered the most complex demographic process. There are two kinds of elements that affect migration. They are studied as pull factors and push factors.
21) Give a short introduction to demography and explain any six components of it.
The word ‘Demography’ is derived from the Greek language which means a scientific study of population. It is formed with two words ‘Demos’ and ‘Graphy’. ‘Demos’ means people and ‘Graphy’ means study. Thus the subject that studies the human population is called demography. The scope of demography is very wide and they are
- Population Statistics: Population statistics are needed for the study of the fertility rate, mortality rate, distribution of population, population growth rate, etc.
- Population distribution: Population distribution of any area is in a certain pattern
- Causes of population growth: The causes of population growth are the important subject matters of demography
- Consequences of population growth: There are countless problems in the world created by population growth.
- Sexual and reproductive health education: Under the sexual and reproductive health education, the physiological structure and childbearing.
- Population policies and programs: Population policies and programs are also important subject matters of demography.
22) What is demography? What are the determinants of population change? Explain each of them.
Ans:
The word ‘Demography’ is derived from the Greek language which means a scientific study of population. It is formed with two words ‘Demos’ and ‘Graphy’. ‘Demos’ means people and ‘Graphy’ means study. Thus the subject that studies the human population is called demography.
Population change is the difference in the size of a population between the end and the beginning of a given time period. Population change is determined by:
- Birth or fertility rate: It is basically how many births are in a certain span of time ultimately increasing the population under certain conditions. The birth or fertility rate is influenced by the composition of the population by age, marriageable age, education, occupation, religious status, nutrition, and health.
- Death or mortality rate: It is the rate at which people die, ultimately decreasing the population under certain conditions. The factor determining the population change next to birth is death. There are several factors that affect the death rate such as the composition of the population, facility of health care, occupation and nature of the work, etc.
- Migration or migration rate: It is the rate at which people leave or enter a village, town, city, country, etc.It is considered the most complex demographic process. There are two kinds of elements that affect migration. They are studied as pull factors and push factors.
23) What are the determinants of population change? Explain each of them in brief.
Population change is the difference in the size of a population between the end and the beginning of a given time period. Population change is determined by several factors such as
- Birth or fertility rate: The birth or fertility rate is influenced by the composition of the population by age, marriageable age, education, occupation, religious status, nutrition, and health.
- Death or mortality rate: The factor determining the population change next to birth is death. There are several factors that affect the death rate such as the composition of the population, facility of health care, occupation and nature of the work, etc.
- Migration or migration rate: It is considered the most complex demographic process. There are two kinds of elements that affect migration.They are studied as pull factors and push factors.
24) What is meant by migration? List out any three factors which affect migration and mention any four effects created.
ans:
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporary, at a new location.The factors that affect migration are:
- Education/Training
- Services
- Marital reasons
The effects that migration has on a country are:
Loss of educated people hindering development
Influx of workers creating competition
Increase of population distributing balance
Improvement of quality of life
| Lessons | Number of questions(sub-questions includes) |
|---|---|
| Concept of demography | 3 |
| Basic Demographic Measures | 0 |
| Mortality and Migration | 3 |
| Determinants of Population Growth | 4 |
| Population composition of Nepal | 0 |
| Population Distribution in Nepal | 0 |
| Internal and External Migration in Nepal | 1 |
| World’s Population Size and Growth | 0 |
Repeated questions/ Similar questions
| Questions | Number of times repeated |
|---|---|
| What is meant by demography | 3 |
| What are the determinants of population change? | 3 |
What is population change? Explain the causes of population change in brief. (Lalitpur 2073)
Ans:
Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places that are sparsely populated or contain few people. The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another; is an instance of this population change.
Give an introduction of demography and explain the determination factors of demographic changes. (Bhaktapur 2073)
Ans:
Write any four causes and solutions to unequal distribution of population. (Morang 2073)
Ans:
Migration is, first and foremost, a normal human activity. Human beings have always moved from ‘one country, locality, and place
of residence to settle in another. five effects caused by migration are.
Migrants eventually induce social, economic, and political problems in receiving countries, including
1) increases in the population, with adverse effects on existing social institutions
2) increases in demand for goods and services
3) displacement of nationals from occupations in the countryside and in the cities
4) increases in the size of the informal sector of the national economy
5) deterioration in the salary structures of the informal, rural, and urban sectors of the economy.
| SOME OF THE SIMILAR QUESTIONS FOUND IN THE MODEL QUESTION |
|---|
Introduction of demographic and explain the determinants of population change in brief.
Write down the problems of population management in Nepal and measures to solve them.
State the factors affecting population distribution and write the main causes of population growth in urban areas.
What is migration? Mention the effects caused by migration in the mountain and hilly region of Nepal What are the causes of population growth in Nepal?
Explain in brief Mention the causes of the decreasing child mortality rate in Nepal. What are the causes of a low density of population in Himalayan and high density of population in Terai region Nepal
What is migration? Mention any five effects caused due to migration. Mention the methods of calculating crude birth rate and total fertility rate.
What is meant by migration? List out any three factors which affect migration and mention any four effects created by it.
In the year 2071 B.S, in a village in Nepal, the total population was 9000. In the same year 300 people in-migrated and 200 people out-migrated from there, calculate the net-migration rate and gross migration rate of the village
What is the crude death rate? According to the survey done in a village in 2068 B.S, the total number of deaths was 40 and the population was 500. Calculate the crude death rate.