Reference/Reading Material

Delhi Agreement and end of revolution 2007 B.S. (Reference Reading Material)

Objective: To explain the events of the 2007 revolution and its effects on economic and social sectors.

Introduction:

The Kot Massacre of 2ndAswin 1903 made Jung Bahadur Rana Commander-In-Chief. Bhandarkhal Massacre of 12thKartik 1903 made him PrimeMinister and the Alau Massacre of 1904 made him all-powerful in Nepal and the direct rule of Ranas began.

Altogether 9 Rana Prime-ministers namely Jung, Juddha, Bir, Dev, Chandra, Bhim, Juddha, Padma, and Mohan Shumsher ruled over Nepal for about 104 years. People wanted their rule and freedom and equality so; they started the struggle. Some of the major causes of the revolution 2007 B.S. are as follow:

  1. Nepalese people were well aware of the independence movements in different countries. They got the lesson to fight against the dictatorial and autocratic rule and formed a league against the Rana rule.
  2. Nepalese students studying in India were enlightened by the Indian war of independence. When India got independence in 1947 A.D., Nepalese people returned to Nepal to fight against the Rana rule.
  3. There was no unity among the Ranas. Chandra Shumsher had divided Ranas into A, B and C classes. the Ranas in the C class were not allowed in the roll of succession and thus C class Ranas wanted to end the Rana regime which supported the people to fight against Ranas.
  4. Mohan Shumsher, discarding the fact that dictatorial rule had ended one after the other in the world, adopted suppressive policy. The people were compelled to revolt against his rule.
  5. Nepalese people going to India formed political parties and a liberation army (Muktisena) to fight against Rana’s rule.
  6. Ranas were totally against educating ordinary people.

Thus people started the revolution in 2007 B.S.

King Tribhuvan escaped from the palace and reached New Delhi by Indian Air Force helicopter when the revolution started and Nepali Congress was preparing for the armed revolution. Mohan Shumsher appointed infant Gyanendra the King of Nepal. This was not recognized by the people, India, and other countries. At the same time, the liberation army captured many places in the eastern and western parts. Mohan Shumsher could not handle the situation and requested the Indian government to arbitrate for the solution. King Tribhuvan, Nepali Congress, and Ranas made a tripartite agreement in 2007 B.S. This is called Delhi Agreement. This agreement ended the Rana rule from Nepal. King made a declaration of the end of Rana rule and establishment of democracy on 7thFalgun 2007 B.S. After this agreement, Dr. K.I. Singh, commander of the liberation army in the western front wanted to continue the revolution but his movement was suppressed. Some of the provisions of the Delhi Agreement are:

  1. Constituent Assembly election will be held to make a new constitution.
  2. A 10 member Council of Ministers will be formed in which Nepali Congress will get 5 Ministries and Ranas will get other the other 5.
  3. King Tribhuvan will be the legitimate King of Nepal.
  4. All political prisoners will be set free.
  5. The Liberation Army and its leaders will have to hand over the weapons to the government and stop the revolution.

Group Activities:

  1. Prepare a paragraph on the bad aspects of Ranarchy.
  2. What were the major causes of the Revolution in 2007?
  3. Why did Mohan Shumsher request the Indian government to arbitrate for the solution?
  4. Explain Delhi agreement and its major provisions.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • The activities of Ranas were the main causes of the revolution 2007 B.S. Prove the statement. Also, write the results of the revolution.

Source: Nepal- Perceval London, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, teachers, friends, and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on Delhi Agreement. Round table conference, parties, arbitrator, discuss and sign the agreement declaring Nepal a democratic country.

Political Activities between 2007 and 2017 B.S. (Reference Reading Material)

Objective: To explain the political events of 2007 to 2017 B.S. and its effects on social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

After the proclamation of 7thFalgun 2007 B.S., an interim constitution was introduced on 17th Chaitra 2008 B.S. According to the Delhi Agreement, an election for a constituent assembly was supposed to be held but it never took place. There was political instability. Most of the people were not aware of and experienced the values of democracy. Political parties and their leaders were not experienced enough about the democratic system. The government changed time and again. Although the interim constitution confirmed many civil rights, the coalition government of Ranas and Nepali Congress could not function well due to the dominating characters of Ranas. As a result, Mohan Shumsher had to resign.

After this incident, a 14 member Council of Ministers was formed under the leadership of Matrika Prasad Koirala. The government had to fulfill various responsibilities like holding the election for constituent assembly and implementation of public service commission effectively but it was failed. This government was criticized by all sectors. Dr. K.I. Singh revolted against this government. Bhim Dutta Panta, a commander of the liberation army launched the movement for the welfare and security of the people. Consequently, the government of the Nepali Congress was dissolved. Other important activities in this period are given below:

  1. King Tribhuvan formed a five-member advisory government but this government was criticized in and out so; the government was dissolved in the year 2010 B.S.
  2. King Tribhuvan formed another council of ministers consisting 5 members. Due to the internal conflicts in the party and government being unable to maintain peace and security, the council of ministers was dissolved in the year 2011 B.S.
  3. In the same year, king Tribhuvan passed away and king Mahendra started his rule.

Delhi Agreement and end of revolution 2007 B.S. (Reference Reading Material)

Objective: To explain the events of the 2007 revolution and its effects on economic and social sectors.

Introduction:

The Kot Massacre of 2ndAswin 1903 made Jung Bahadur Rana Commander-In-Chief. Bhandarkhal Massacre of 12thKartik 1903 made him PrimeMinister and Alau Massacre of 1904 made him all powerful in Nepal and the direct rule of Ranas began.

Altogether 9 Rana Prime-ministers namely Jung, Juddha, Bir, Dev, Chandra, Bhim, Juddha, Padhma and Mohan Shumsher ruled over Nepal for about 104 years. People wanted their rule and freedom and equality so; they started the struggle. Some of the major causes of the revolution 2007 B.S. are as follow:

  1. Nepalese people were well aware of the independence movements in different countries. They got the lesson to fight against the dictatorial and autocratic rule and formed a league against the Rana rule.
  2. Nepalese students studying in India were enlightened by the Indian war of independence. When India got independence in 1947 A.D., Nepalese people returned to Nepal to fight against the Rana rule.
  3. There was no unity among the Ranas. Chandra Shumsher had divided Ranas into A, B and C classes. the Ranas in C class were not allowed in the roll of succession and thus C class Ranas wanted to end the Rana regime which supported the people to fight against Ranas.
  4. Mohan Shumsher, discarding the fact that dictatorial rule had ended one after the other in the world, adopted suppressive policy. The people were compelled to revolt against his rule.
  5. Nepalese people going to India formed political parties and liberation army (Muktisena) to fight against Rana rule.
  6. Ranas were totally against educating the ordinary people.

Thus people started the revolution 2007 B.S.

King Tribhuvan escaped from the palace and reached to New Delhi by Indian Air Force helicopter when the revolution started and Nepali Congress was preparing for the armed revolution. Mohan Shumsher appointed infant Gyanendra the King of Nepal. This was not recognized by the people, India and other countries. At the same time, liberation army captured many places in the eastern and western parts. Mohan Shumsher could not handle the situation and requested the Indian government to arbitrate for the solution. King Tribhuvan, Nepali Congress and Ranas made a tripartite agreement in 2007 B.S. This is called Delhi Agreement. This agreement ended the Rana rule from Nepal. King made a declaration of the end of Rana rule and establishment of democracy on 7thFalgun 2007 B.S. After this agreement, Dr. K.I. Singh, commander of liberation army in the western front wanted to continue the revolution but his movement was suppressed. Some of the provisions of Delhi Agreement are:

  1. Constituent Assembly election will be held to make a new constitution.
  2. A 10 member Council of Ministers will be formed in which Nepali Congress will get 5 Ministries and Ranas will get other the other 5.
  3. King Tribhuvan will be the legitimate King of Nepal.
  4. All political prisoners will be set free.
  5. Liberation army and their leaders will have to handover the weapons to the government and stop the revolution.

Group Activities:

  1. Prepare a paragraph on the bad aspects of Ranarchy.
  2. What were the major causes of the Revolution 2007?
  3. Why did Mohan Shumsher request Indian government to arbitrate for the solution?
  4. Explain Delhi agreement and its major provisions.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • The activities of Ranas were the main causes of the revolution 2007 B.S. Prove the statement. Also write the results of the revolution.

Source: Nepal- Perceval London, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on Delhi Agreement. Round table conference, parties, arbitrator, discuss and sign the agreement declaring Nepal a democratic country.

Political Activities between 2007 and 2017 B.S. (Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2007 to 2017 B.S. and its effects in social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

After the proclamation of 7thFalgun 2007 B.S., an interim constitution was introduced on 17th Chaitra 2008 B.S. According to the Delhi Agreement, election for constituent assembly was supposed to be held but it never took place. There was political instability. Most of the people were not aware and experienced on the values of democracy. Political parties and their leaders were not experienced enough about democratic system. The government changed time and again. Although the interim constitution confirmed many civil rights, the coalition government of Ranas and Nepali Congress could not function well due to the dominating characters of Ranas. As a result, Mohan Shumsher had to resign.

After this incident, a 14 member Council of Ministers was formed under the leadership of Matrika Prasad Koirala. The government had to fulfill various responsibilities like holding the election for constituent assembly and implementation of public service commission effectively but it was failed. This government was criticized by all sectors. Dr. K.I. Singh revolted against this government. Bhim Dutta Panta, a commander of liberation army launched the movement for the welfare and security of the people. Consequently, the government of Nepali Congress was dissolved. Other important activities in this period are given below:

  1. King Tribhuvan formed a five member advisory government but this government was criticized in and out so; the government was dissolved in the year 2010 B.S.
  2. King Tribhuvan formed another council of ministers consisting 5 members. Due to the internal conflicts in the party and government being unable to maintain peace and security, the council of ministers was dissolved in the year 2011 B.S.
  3. In the same year, king Tribhuvan passed away and king Mahendra started his rule.
  4. In 2012 B.S., another government was formed under the leadership of Tanka Prasad Acahrya but his government was dissolved in 2013 B.S.
  5. Another government was formed under the leadership of Dr. K.I. Singh in 2013 B.S but this government also could not last long. Thus, the government of SubarnaShumsher was formed in 2014 B.S. This government proclaimed the constitution of the kingdom of Nepal 2015 and the first general election was held in the country in 2015 B.S.
  6. The elected government of B.P Koirala after the election could not last long and the King Mahendra overthrew democracy and established Partyless Panchayat System on 1stPoush 2017 B.S.

Group Activities:

  1. Present the following events in a timeline:

2007 Democracy was introduced.

2011 King Tribhuvan passed away.

2013 Dr. K.I. Singh became the prime-minister of Nepal.

2015 First general election was held.

2017 Panchayat system was introduced.

  1. Explain why there was political instability in Nepal between 2007 and 2017 B.S.
  2. List out the name of all prime-ministers of Nepal from 2007 to 2017 B.S.
  3. What lessons do we get from the political happenings between 2007 and 2017 B.S.?

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Explain the major political happenings between 2007 and 2017 B.S.

Source: Nepal- Perceval London, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on the government of Matrika Prasad Koirala. Government is criticized- people come with many demands. There is a discussion and finally the government is dissolved by the king.

Direct Rule and Ban on Political Parties (Reference Reading Material))

Objective : To explain the causes and consequences of prohibition on political parties.

Introduction:

The first general election was held on 7thFalgun 2015 B.S. which completed in the month of Baisakh 2016 B.S. The first elected government of Nepal was formed on 16thAsar 2016 B.S. under the leadership of B.P. Koirala. King Mahendrafingured out various drawbacks of the government of B.P. Koirala and dissolved the government on 1stPoush 2017 B.S. and introduced party-less panchayat system. He banned the political parties and the leaders were exiled or jailed. The major weaknesses of the government pointed by king Mahendra were:

  1. Most people did not have enough idea on the democracy and the fundamentals of this system. So, the government could not function well.
  2. There was lawlessness in the country.
  3. The government failed to maintain peace and security in the country.
  4. There was lack of sufficient knowledge and experience among the leaders.
  5. The party leaders, in the government, were concerned to satisfy their own party rather than the whole nation.
  6. There was corruption almost everywhere.
  7. It was impossible to fulfill the demands of all sectors immediately as people thought that they would get everything through their elected representatives.

Majority of the people were dissatisfied with the government and they went against it. The people who used to have a very comfortable life with the previous system exploiting others got golden opportunity. Finally, they appealed the king to dissolve the government. King Mahendra, according to the article 55 of the constitution 2015, dissolved the government. He made it clear that he had taken this strong step for the interest of the people and the nation. He ordered the army, police and civil servants to follow their duty properly and also appealed the people to support for the good governance.

Although people were supportive for the time being, democracy was the popular system in the world and they disliked the step of the King in the long run.

Group Activities:

  1. Evaluate the steps of King Mahendra on 1stPoush 2017 B.S.
  2. Elaborate the reasons why King Mahendra dissolved the elected government of B.P. Koirala.
  3. If you were the member of cabinet which was dissolved in 2017 B.S., how would you react?
  4. Compare the first elected government in 2016 and the first elected government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 2065.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • “Democracy is the most popular system in the world.” Prove the statement with any 4 strong reasons.

Source: Constitution, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, history of democracy in the world and its benefits from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on prohibition on political parties. Meeting of cabinet members with king- discussions- king blames them for corruption and lawlessness in the country and order security force to arrest them all and introduce Panchayat System.

Political Incidents between 2017 and 2036 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2017 to 2036 B.S. and its effects in social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

After dissolving the government of B.P. Koirala on 1stPoush 2017, King Mahendra declared the party-less panchayat system on 22ndPoush 2017 B.S. He formed the Panchayat Ministry and Panchayat Guidance Department and Panchayat Development under the Ministry. The country was divided into 14 zones and 75 districts in 2018 B.S.

The major political incidents during this period are as follow:

  1. Janakpur Incident 2018:

Martyr Durga Nanda Jha bombed the car of King Mahendra when he was travelling in the year 2018 B.S. This incident is called Janakpur Kanda. Durga Nanda Jha, Arbind Kumar Thakur and Dal Singh Thapa were declared the death sentence for their involvement in the incident. On 25thMagh 2020 B.S., Durga Nanda Jha was hanged and other two were given life imprisonment.

  1. “Go to the Village-National Campaign”:

King Mahendra enacted the campaign in 2024 B.S. According to this campaign, the people were supposed to go to their own villages contribute to develop their places. Although the idea was not bad, it was against human rights. This was criticized and could not be implemented properly.

  1. King Mahendra passed away in the year 2028 B.S.
  2. Jhapa Rebellion and Sukhani Assassination 2028:

Youths of communist ideology revolted against the Panchayat Government in Jhapa in the year 2028 B.S. which is known as Jhapa Rebellion. The revolutionary youths were charged of the murder of Dharma Prasad Upadhyay, the then member of national panchayat. Ram Nath Dahal, Narayan Shrestha, Krishna Kuikel, Netra Prasad Ghimire and BirenRajbanshi were arrested and brought to Sukhani in Illam where they were shot dead. This incident is called the Sukhani Assassination.

  1. Timburbote Incident 2031:

The Panchayat Government killed RamLakhan, Captain Yagya Bahadur thapa and Bhim Narayan Shrestha in 2031 B.S. for the involvement in the activities against panchayat government. This incident took place in Timburbote in Okhaldhunga so; it is called Timburbote incident.

In order to sustain, the Panchayat Government tried every possible way and killed those against the system. People like Ratna Kumar Bantawa, RishirajDevkota (Azad) and Jay Govinda Shah were shot dead. But the democratic forces still opposed the government programmes from the border areas and India.

  1. Referendum 2036:

In the year 2036 B.S., the students organized a procession against the death sentence to the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and wanted to deliver a letter of condemnation to the embassy of Pakistan in Kathmandu. This move was suppressed by the Panchayat Government. Right after this incident, all the student organizations jointly started the movement against Panchayat system which was supported by the political parties. The Panchayat government could not suppress the movement and king Birendra declared the referendum on 10thJestha 2036 B.S. the people had 2 options in the referendum- A reformed Panchayat System or Multi-Party democracy which was held on 20thBaisakh 2037 B.S. Panchayat side was declared victorious but the political parties did not accept the result due to rigging or unfair election. Thus, they continued their movement.

Group Activities:

  1. “Go to village-National Campaign” was a programme of Panchayat government that failed. Explain.
  2. Explain the Janakpur Kanda 2018.
  3. Explain Jhapa Rebellion and Sukhani Assassination.
  4. Explain the Referendum of 2036.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Discrimination on the basis of caste system is illegal. Although the law against caste system was enforced by king Mahendra in the year 2020 B.S. through the new civil act, the problem still exists. What should be done to eliminate caste system? Explain any 4 effective ways.

Source: Constitution, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, 30 years panchayat system in Nepal from the internet, New civil act 2020, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on Referendum. Give 2 options on any issues related to the school. Let the whole class caste their secret votes on one of the options and announce the result with 50% majority.

Political Happenings between 2036 and 2046 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2036 to 2046 B.S. and its effects in social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

In the referendum held on 20thBaisakh 2037 B.S., the Multi-party system got 20 lakh votes and the Reformed Panchayat system got 24 lakhs. Thus, the Reformed Panchayat system continued. The members of National Panchayat were now elected by the people. In the Election of National Panchayat in 2038 B.S. Surya Bahadur Thapa was elected as the Prime Minister. Some of the major political happenings in this period are:

  1. Piskar Assassination 2040:

On 1stMagh 2040 B.S., the Communist Party organized a cultural programme at Piskar in Sindhupalchowk district. The Panchayat police surrounded the site and shot dead Ile Thami, Bir Bahadur Thami and many other innocent people. This incident is known as Piskar Assassination (PiskarHatyakanda).

After this incident, Surya Bahadur Thapa was impeached. Lokendra Bahadur Chand was appointed the Prime Minister of Nepal. The election for National Panchayat in the year 2042 B.S. elected Marichman Singh Shrestha as the Prime

Minister.

  1. Satyagraha of Nepali Congress and Bomb Blast 2042:

Nepali Congress started Satyagraha Movement in 2042 B.S. It was a civil disobedience movement and was a non-violent one. It was launched throughout the country to pressurize the Panchayat Government and grant multi-party democracy. When the Satyagraha Movement of Nepali Congress was in a full swing, Ram Raja Prasad Singh of JanabadiMorcha exploded bombs at different places of Kathmandu and Pokhara to revolt against Panchayat system. Due to the bomb blast (violent movement) of JanabadiMorcha, the satyagraha movement of Nepali Congress was disrupted and was withdrawn. Panchayat government passed a new law and punished Ram Raja Prasad Singh, Khem Raj Bhatta and Laxman Prasad Singh.

  1. The People’s Mass Movement-I 2046 (First Jana Andolan):

  1. The country turned into a land of corruption, smuggling and suppression under the Panchayat Government. Nepalese people were deprived of their human rights. In this background, Nepali Congress and United Leftist Front made a decision to launch a people’s movement against Panchayat system. They had a meeting in the courtyard of Ganesh Man Singh- the iron man in Nepali politics (Man with strong determination) in which even the Indian leaders participated and promised to help the Nepalese people for the revival of democracy.
  2. The People’s Historical Movement started from 7thFalgun 2046 B.S. Ganesh Man Singh was the commander of the movement. Students, lawyers, doctors, professors, teachers, government employees and businessmen organized strike and Bandh in favour of the movement. Panchayat government kept on suppressing the movement. Many people of Nepal were injured and some others were killed and remained as martyrs. International communication channels also broadcasted the news about the movement which created international pressure to the panchayat government. On 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S., king Birendra called the party leaders (Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, Sahana Pradhan and Radha Krishna Mainali). They did a negotiation and the term ‘Partyless’ was lifted from the constitution and ban on party was released. Multi-Party Democracy was revived at 11:45 pm on 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S. There was joy and Deepawali everywhere but it was just a compromise and people did not get their complete rights.Consequences of the Mass Movement I:
      • End of partyless panchayat system and restoration of democracy.
      • Interim government was formed among the leaders of different political parties. The mains tasks of the government, besides the daily administration, were to hold the election and make a new constitution.
      • People got more rights and freedom.
      • Constitution of the kingdom of Nepal was proclaimed on 23rdKartik 2047 B.S.
      • Monarchy was made constitutional.
      • People got opportunity to elect their representatives for the government.
      • Many people had to sacrifice their lives and some others remained handicapped.

    Group Activities:

    1. Read the news given on Piskar Assassination and write what we should do to the martyr’s family.
    2. List out the name of all the prime ministers in Nepal from 2036 to 2046 B.S.
    3. Explain Satyagraha Movement and Bomb Blast in the year 2042 B.S.
    4. Explain Piskar Assassination.

    Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

    Assignment:

    • Explain the Mass Movement of 2046 B.S. including its objectives and consequences.

    Source: Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, Mass Movement of 2046 B.S. from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

    Presentation for the next day: A short skit on People’s Movement I. Panchayat police- people-party leaders- shouting slogans- suppression. Finally, people get victory and declaration of democracy.

    Political Happenings after 2046 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

    Objective : To explain the political events of 2036 to 2046 B.S. and its effects in society.

    Introduction:

  3. The people’s Movement 2046 started on 7thFalgun and ended on 26th Chaitra. On 3rdBaisakh 2047, all mechanisms of Panchayat were replaced by the democratic ones. Some of the major events after 2046 B.S. are as follow:
    1. Formation of Interim Government:

    An interim government was formed under the leadership of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai from among the political parties which played an important role in the Mass Movement. The interim government had 2 major tasks to complete:

    1. To frame a constitution acceptable for multi-party system.
    2. To hold general election
    3. Proclamation of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 2047 B.S.:

    According to the responsibility given to the government, a constitution suggestion committee was formed under the chairmanship of Bishow Nath Upadhyay. The Constitution was enacted on 23rdKartik 2047 B.S. This Constitution clearly mentioned that the sovereign power rested with the people, parliamentary form of government, constitutional monarchy, adult franchise, human rights and multi-party system.

    1. General Election 2048 B.S.:

    According to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 2047, election for parliament was held in the month of Baisakh 2048 B.S. Nepali Congress got a clear majority and the new government was formed under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala. Due to the internal conflict in the party, the government could not function well and the parliament was dissolved. A mid-term poll was held in 2051 B.S. No party got the majority this time and CPN UML formed the minority government under the premiership of Man Mohan Adhikari as this party had won the maximum seats in the parliament. After 9 months, the government got vote of no confidence and the coalition government of Nepali congress, RastriyaPrajatantra Party and Sadvabana Party was formed under the premiership of Sher Bahadur Deuba.

    1. Beginning of Armed Revolution of Maoists 2052:

    The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) started their underground armed revolution from Rolpa on 1stFalgun 2052 B.S. with 40 different demands like complete rule of people, end of monarchy, federalism etc. the revolution spread to all over Nepal gradually. Thousands of people sacrificed their lives and many remained handicapped. Finally, the people of Nepal were able to establish a complete democracy and end of monarchy after People’s Movement II in the year 2062/2063. Some other important events of this period are:

    1. Royal Massacre took place on 19thJestha 2058 B.S. and Gyanendra was ascended to the throne.
    2. King Gyanendra dismissed Prime Minister Deuba and took all power in his hands. He appointed Lokendra Bahadur Chand as the prime minister and then Surya Bahadur Thapaaftewards. But there was a huge pressure from the people and he had to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as the prime minister once again.
    3. On 19thMagh 2061, king Gyanendra detained all political leaders including prime minister and formed the government under his chairmanship. This step of the King was highly criticized.
    4. In Mangsir 2062, a 12 points agreement was made between the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and CPN (Maosits) in New Delhi.
    5. On 24th Chaitra 2062 B.S., People’s Mass Movement II started.
    6. On 11thBaisakh 2063 B.S., King Gyanendra announced that the sovereign and royal power seized by him had been returned to the people and the movement was ended. The parliament was revived and the coalition government was formed under the premiership of Girija Prasad Koirala.
    7. On 4thJestha 2063 B.S., the revived parliament enforced “Historical Declaration of the House of Representatives.” This declaration brought a lot of significant political changes. The parliament decided to hold talks with the CPN Maoists and the election for Constituent Assembly.
    8. On 2ndAsar 2063 B.S., a 8 points agreement was made between the SPA and the CPN Maoists.
    9. On 5thMagh 2063 B.S., Comprehensive Peace Agreement was made between the government and the Maoists. This agreement declared the end of 11 years armed revolution of Maoists.
    10. On 1stMagh 2063 B.S., interim constitution was promulgated on the consent of the Maoists and the SPA.
    11. On 28th Chaitra 2064 B.S., election for Constitution Assembly was held and 601 membered CA was formed.
    12. On 15thJestha 2065 B.S., Nepal was declared as Federal Democratic Republic. The first CA elcted Dr. Ram Baran Yadav as the first president, Puspa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) as the first prime minister and Dr. ParamanandaJha as the first Vice-president of Nepal.
    13. Gyanendra left the Narayanhiti Palace and started living like ordinary people in Nagarjun from 31stJestha 2065 B.S.
    14. Due to the failure of the first CA in constitution making and state restructuring, it was dismissed on 14thJestha 2069 B.S. and the election for Second CA was held on 4thMangsir 2070 B.S. the new CA has been effortful to prepare a constitution acceptable for all people by 8thMagh 2071 B.S.

    Group Activities:

    1. Explain the interim government of 2046 and its major functions.
    2. Explain the General election of 2048, mid-term election of 2051 and the underground armed revolution of Maoists.
    3. List out all important dates and their respective events related to people’s movement II and the peace process.
    4. List out all the changes that Mass movement II has brought to the country.

    Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

    Assignment:

    • Compare the people’s movement I and II. Write down the similarities and the differences between them.

    Source: Modern History of Nepal, Mass Movement of 2046 and 2062/63 B.S. from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

    Presentation for the next day: A short skit on the agreement between the Maoists and the SPA. Discussions- preparation of the points in the agreement and sign the paper and exchange.

    ULLENS SCHOOL

    Quiz from History of Nepal:

    (This quiz will get credit for the evaluation)

    Date: ……………………. Full Mark: 62

    SUBJECT: Social Studies

    Name Roll No:

    Questions for Quiz

    1. Name the 3 massacres that empowered Jung Bahadur.
    2. Tell the full date when Kot Massacre took place.
    3. Tell the full date when Bhandarkhal Massacre took place.
    4. Tell the year in B.S. when Alau Massacre took place.
    5. How many years did Ranarchy last?
    6. How many Ranas ruled over Nepal as prime-ministers?
    7. Tell any 4 causes of the revolution 2007 B.S.
    8. Who divided Ranas into A, B and C classes?
    9. Which class Ranas were not allowed in the role of succession?
    10. Why was Delhi Agreement called the tripartite agreement?
    11. Tell the full date in B.S. when Nepal was declared a democratic country after Delhi Agreement.
    12. Tell any 4 provisions of Delhi Agreement.
    13. Who was the commander of liberation army in the western front in the revolution 2007 B.S.?
    14. Tell any 4 results of the revolution 2007 B.S.
    15. Name the prime ministers of Nepal from 2007 to 2017 B.S.
    16. Who was Bhim Dutta Panta?
    17. When did king Tribhuvan pass away?
    18. When was parliamentary system ended by king Mahendra?
    19. When was Nepal divided into 14 zones and 75 districts?
    20. When was “Go to Village-National Campaign started?
    21. When did Janakpur incident take place?
    22. Name the leader who was hanged after Janakpur incident.
    23. When did Jhapa rebellion take place?
    24. Name the people killed in Sikhani Assassination.
    25. When did Timburbote incident take place?
    26. Name the people killed in Timburbote incident.
    27. Tell the full date when king Birendra announced the Referendum.
    28. Tell the full date when referendum was held.
    29. What were the 2 options given in the referendum 2036?
    30. What was the result of the referendum 2036?
    31. When did Piskar Assassination take place?
    32. Name the people killed by panchayat police in Piskar.
    33. Who started Satyagraha movement in the year 2042 B.S.?
    34. Who blasted bombs in several places in the year 2042 B.S.?
    35. Who were punished by the panchayat government for exploding bombs in 2042 B.S.?
    36. Tell the full date when the First Mass Movement began.
    37. Tell the full date when the first Mass Movement ended.
    38. Who was the commander of the first Mass Movement?
    39. Who is called the iron man in Nepali politics?
    40. What were the objectives of the first Mass Movement?
    41. Tell any 4 consequences of the first Mass Movement.
    42. What were the 2 major tasks of the interim government formed after the Mass Movement 2046?
    43. Tell the full date when constitution of the kingdom of Nepal 2047 implemented.
    44. Name the chairman of the constitution drafting committee in 2047.
    45. When was general election held after Jana Andolan I?
    46. Tell the full date when CPN Maoists started armed revolution.
    47. When did Royal Massacre take place?
    48. Tell the full date when king Gyanendra detained all political leaders.
    49. Tell the year when 12 points agreement was made between the SPA and Maoists.
    50. Tell the full date when Mass Movement II started.
    51. Tell the full date when Mass Movement II ended.
    52. When was “Declaration of the House of Representatives” enforced?
    53. Tell the full date when 8 points agreement was made between the SPA and the Maoists.
    54. Tell the full date when the 11 years long revolution of Maoists ended.
    55. When was the interim constitution 2063 implemented? Tell the full date.
    56. When did the election for the first CA held?
    57. When was Nepal declared Federal Democratic Republic?
    58. Name the first president of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
    59. Name the first prime minister of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
    60. Name the first vice-president of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
    61. Tell the full date when election for Second CA was held?
    62. How many members are there in the Second CA?
  4. In 2012 B.S., another government was formed under the leadership of Tanka Prasad Acahrya but his government was dissolved in 2013 B.S.
  5. Another government was formed under the leadership of Dr. K.I. Singh in 2013 B.S but this government also could not last long. Thus, the government of SubarnaShumsher was formed in 2014 B.S. This government proclaimed the constitution of the kingdom of Nepal 2015 and the first general election was held in the country in 2015 B.S.
  6. The elected government of B.P Koirala after the election could not last long and the King Mahendra overthrew democracy and established Partyless Panchayat System on 1stPoush 2017 B.S.

Group Activities:

  1. Present the following events in a timeline:

2007 Democracy was introduced.

2011 King Tribhuvan passed away.

2013 Dr. K.I. Singh became the prime-minister of Nepal.

2015 First general election was held.

2017 Panchayat system was introduced.

  1. Explain why there was political instability in Nepal between 2007 and 2017 B.S.
  2. List out the name of all prime-ministers of Nepal from 2007 to 2017 B.S.
  3. What lessons do we get from the political happenings between 2007 and 2017 B.S.?

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Explain the major political happenings between 2007 and 2017 B.S.

Source: Nepal- Perceval London, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on the government of Matrika Prasad Koirala. Government is criticized- people come with many demands. There is a discussion and finally the government is dissolved by the king.

Direct Rule and Ban on Political Parties (Reference Reading Material))

Objective : To explain the causes and consequences of prohibition on political parties.

Introduction:

The first general election was held on 7thFalgun 2015 B.S. which completed in the month of Baisakh 2016 B.S. The first elected government of Nepal was formed on 16thAsar 2016 B.S. under the leadership of B.P. Koirala. King Mahendrafingured out various drawbacks of the government of B.P. Koirala and dissolved the government on 1stPoush 2017 B.S. and introduced party-less panchayat system. He banned the political parties and the leaders were exiled or jailed. The major weaknesses of the government pointed by king Mahendra were:

  1. Most people did not have enough idea on the democracy and the fundamentals of this system. So, the government could not function well.
  2. There was lawlessness in the country.
  3. The government failed to maintain peace and security in the country.
  4. There was lack of sufficient knowledge and experience among the leaders.
  5. The party leaders, in the government, were concerned to satisfy their own party rather than the whole nation.
  6. There was corruption almost everywhere.
  7. It was impossible to fulfill the demands of all sectors immediately as people thought that they would get everything through their elected representatives.

Majority of the people were dissatisfied with the government and they went against it. The people who used to have a very comfortable life with the previous system exploiting others got golden opportunity. Finally, they appealed the king to dissolve the government. King Mahendra, according to the article 55 of the constitution 2015, dissolved the government. He made it clear that he had taken this strong step for the interest of the people and the nation. He ordered the army, police and civil servants to follow their duty properly and also appealed the people to support for the good governance.

Although people were supportive for the time being, democracy was the popular system in the world and they disliked the step of the King in the long run.

Group Activities:

  1. Evaluate the steps of King Mahendra on 1stPoush 2017 B.S.
  2. Elaborate the reasons why King Mahendra dissolved the elected government of B.P. Koirala.
  3. If you were the member of cabinet which was dissolved in 2017 B.S., how would you react?
  4. Compare the first elected government in 2016 and the first elected government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 2065.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • “Democracy is the most popular system in the world.” Prove the statement with any 4 strong reasons.

Source: Constitution, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, history of democracy in the world and its benefits from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on prohibition on political parties. Meeting of cabinet members with king- discussions- king blames them for corruption and lawlessness in the country and order security force to arrest them all and introduce Panchayat System.

Political Incidents between 2017 and 2036 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2017 to 2036 B.S. and its effects in social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

After dissolving the government of B.P. Koirala on 1stPoush 2017, King Mahendra declared the party-less panchayat system on 22ndPoush 2017 B.S. He formed the Panchayat Ministry and Panchayat Guidance Department and Panchayat Development under the Ministry. The country was divided into 14 zones and 75 districts in 2018 B.S.

The major political incidents during this period are as follow:

  1. Janakpur Incident 2018:

Martyr Durga Nanda Jha bombed the car of King Mahendra when he was travelling in the year 2018 B.S. This incident is called Janakpur Kanda. Durga Nanda Jha, Arbind Kumar Thakur and Dal Singh Thapa were declared the death sentence for their involvement in the incident. On 25thMagh 2020 B.S., Durga Nanda Jha was hanged and other two were given life imprisonment.

  1. “Go to the Village-National Campaign”:

King Mahendra enacted the campaign in 2024 B.S. According to this campaign, the people were supposed to go to their own villages contribute to develop their places. Although the idea was not bad, it was against human rights. This was criticized and could not be implemented properly.

  1. King Mahendra passed away in the year 2028 B.S.
  2. Jhapa Rebellion and Sukhani Assassination 2028:

Youths of communist ideology revolted against the Panchayat Government in Jhapa in the year 2028 B.S. which is known as Jhapa Rebellion. The revolutionary youths were charged of the murder of Dharma Prasad Upadhyay, the then member of national panchayat. Ram Nath Dahal, Narayan Shrestha, Krishna Kuikel, Netra Prasad Ghimire and BirenRajbanshi were arrested and brought to Sukhani in Illam where they were shot dead. This incident is called the Sukhani Assassination.

  1. Timburbote Incident 2031:

The Panchayat Government killed RamLakhan, Captain Yagya Bahadur thapa and Bhim Narayan Shrestha in 2031 B.S. for the involvement in the activities against panchayat government. This incident took place in Timburbote in Okhaldhunga so; it is called Timburbote incident.

In order to sustain, the Panchayat Government tried every possible way and killed those against the system. People like Ratna Kumar Bantawa, RishirajDevkota (Azad) and Jay Govinda Shah were shot dead. But the democratic forces still opposed the government programmes from the border areas and India.

  1. Referendum 2036:

In the year 2036 B.S., the students organized a procession against the death sentence to the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and wanted to deliver a letter of condemnation to the embassy of Pakistan in Kathmandu. This move was suppressed by the Panchayat Government. Right after this incident, all the student organizations jointly started the movement against Panchayat system which was supported by the political parties. The Panchayat government could not suppress the movement and king Birendra declared the referendum on 10thJestha 2036 B.S. the people had 2 options in the referendum- A reformed Panchayat System or Multi-Party democracy which was held on 20thBaisakh 2037 B.S. Panchayat side was declared victorious but the political parties did not accept the result due to rigging or unfair election. Thus, they continued their movement.

Group Activities:

  1. “Go to village-National Campaign” was a programme of Panchayat government that failed. Explain.
  2. Explain the Janakpur Kanda 2018.
  3. Explain Jhapa Rebellion and Sukhani Assassination.
  4. Explain the Referendum of 2036.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Discrimination on the basis of caste system is illegal. Although the law against caste system was enforced by king Mahendra in the year 2020 B.S. through the new civil act, the problem still exists. What should be done to eliminate caste system? Explain any 4 effective ways.

Source: Constitution, Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, 30 years panchayat system in Nepal from the internet, New civil act 2020, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on Referendum. Give 2 options on any issues related to the school. Let the whole class caste their secret votes on one of the options and announce the result with 50% majority.

Political Happenings between 2036 and 2046 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2036 to 2046 B.S. and its effects in social and economic sectors.

Introduction:

In the referendum held on 20thBaisakh 2037 B.S., the Multi-party system got 20 lakh votes and the Reformed Panchayat system got 24 lakhs. Thus, the Reformed Panchayat system continued. The members of National Panchayat were now elected by the people. In the Election of National Panchayat in 2038 B.S. Surya Bahadur Thapa was elected as the Prime Minister. Some of the major political happenings in this period are:

  1. Piskar Assassination 2040:

On 1stMagh 2040 B.S., the Communist Party organized a cultural programme at Piskar in Sindhupalchowk district. The Panchayat police surrounded the site and shot dead Ile Thami, Bir Bahadur Thami and many other innocent people. This incident is known as Piskar Assassination (PiskarHatyakanda).

After this incident, Surya Bahadur Thapa was impeached. Lokendra Bahadur Chand was appointed the Prime Minister of Nepal. The election for National Panchayat in the year 2042 B.S. elected Marichman Singh Shrestha as the Prime

Minister.

  1. Satyagraha of Nepali Congress and Bomb Blast 2042:

Nepali Congress started Satyagraha Movement in 2042 B.S. It was a civil disobedience movement and was a non-violent one. It was launched throughout the country to pressurize the Panchayat Government and grant multi-party democracy. When the Satyagraha Movement of Nepali Congress was in a full swing, Ram Raja Prasad Singh of JanabadiMorcha exploded bombs at different places of Kathmandu and Pokhara to revolt against Panchayat system. Due to the bomb blast (violent movement) of JanabadiMorcha, the satyagraha movement of Nepali Congress was disrupted and was withdrawn. Panchayat government passed a new law and punished Ram Raja Prasad Singh, Khem Raj Bhatta and Laxman Prasad Singh.

  1. The People’s Mass Movement-I 2046 (First Jana Andolan):

The country turned into a land of corruption, smuggling and suppression under the Panchayat Government. Nepalese people were deprived of their human rights. In this background, Nepali Congress and United Leftist Front made a decision to launch a people’s movement against Panchayat system. They had a meeting in the courtyard of Ganesh Man Singh- the iron man in Nepali politics (Man with strong determination) in which even the Indian leaders participated and promised to help the Nepalese people for the revival of democracy.

The People’s Historical Movement started from 7thFalgun 2046 B.S. Ganesh Man Singh was the commander of the movement. Students, lawyers, doctors, professors, teachers, government employees and businessmen organized strike and Bandh in favour of the movement. Panchayat government kept on suppressing the movement. Many people of Nepal were injured and some others were killed and remained as martyrs. International communication channels also broadcasted the news about the movement which created international pressure to the panchayat government. On 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S., king Birendra called the party leaders (Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, Sahana Pradhan and Radha Krishna Mainali). They did a negotiation and the term ‘Partyless’ was lifted from the constitution and ban on party was released. Multi-Party Democracy was revived at 11:45 pm on 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S. There was joy and Deepawali everywhere but it was just a compromise and people did not get their complete rights.

Consequences of the Mass Movement I:

    • End of partyless panchayat system and restoration of democracy.
    • Interim government was formed among the leaders of different political parties. The mains tasks of the government, besides the daily administration, were to hold the election and make a new constitution.
    • People got more rights and freedom.
    • Constitution of the kingdom of Nepal was proclaimed on 23rdKartik 2047 B.S.
    • Monarchy was made constitutional.
    • People got opportunity to elect their representatives for the government.
    • Many people had to sacrifice their lives and some others remained handicapped.

Group Activities:

  1. Read the news given on Piskar Assassination and write what we should do to the martyr’s family.
  2. List out the name of all the prime ministers in Nepal from 2036 to 2046 B.S.
  3. Explain Satyagraha Movement and Bomb Blast in the year 2042 B.S.
  4. Explain Piskar Assassination.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Explain the Mass Movement of 2046 B.S. including its objectives and consequences.

Source: Modern History of Nepal by Rishikesh Shah, Mass Movement of 2046 B.S. from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on People’s Movement I. Panchayat police- people-party leaders- shouting slogans- suppression. Finally, people get victory and declaration of democracy.

Political Happenings after 2046 B.S.(Reference Reading Material)

Objective : To explain the political events of 2036 to 2046 B.S. and its effects in society.

Introduction:

The people’s Movement 2046 started on 7thFalgun and ended on 26th Chaitra. On 3rdBaisakh 2047, all mechanisms of Panchayat were replaced by the democratic ones. Some of the major events after 2046 B.S. are as follow:

  1. Formation of Interim Government:

An interim government was formed under the leadership of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai from among the political parties which played an important role in the Mass Movement. The interim government had 2 major tasks to complete:

  1. To frame a constitution acceptable for multi-party system.
  2. To hold general election
  3. Proclamation of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 2047 B.S.:

According to the responsibility given to the government, a constitution suggestion committee was formed under the chairmanship of Bishow Nath Upadhyay. The Constitution was enacted on 23rdKartik 2047 B.S. This Constitution clearly mentioned that the sovereign power rested with the people, parliamentary form of government, constitutional monarchy, adult franchise, human rights and multi-party system.

  1. General Election 2048 B.S.:

According to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 2047, election for parliament was held in the month of Baisakh 2048 B.S. Nepali Congress got a clear majority and the new government was formed under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala. Due to the internal conflict in the party, the government could not function well and the parliament was dissolved. A mid-term poll was held in 2051 B.S. No party got the majority this time and CPN UML formed the minority government under the premiership of Man Mohan Adhikari as this party had won the maximum seats in the parliament. After 9 months, the government got vote of no confidence and the coalition government of Nepali congress, RastriyaPrajatantra Party and Sadvabana Party was formed under the premiership of Sher Bahadur Deuba.

  1. Beginning of Armed Revolution of Maoists 2052:

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) started their underground armed revolution from Rolpa on 1stFalgun 2052 B.S. with 40 different demands like complete rule of people, end of monarchy, federalism etc. the revolution spread to all over Nepal gradually. Thousands of people sacrificed their lives and many remained handicapped. Finally, the people of Nepal were able to establish a complete democracy and end of monarchy after People’s Movement II in the year 2062/2063. Some other important events of this period are:

  1. Royal Massacre took place on 19thJestha 2058 B.S. and Gyanendra was ascended to the throne.
  2. King Gyanendra dismissed Prime Minister Deuba and took all power in his hands. He appointed Lokendra Bahadur Chand as the prime minister and then Surya Bahadur Thapaaftewards. But there was a huge pressure from the people and he had to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as the prime minister once again.
  3. On 19thMagh 2061, king Gyanendra detained all political leaders including prime minister and formed the government under his chairmanship. This step of the King was highly criticized.
  4. In Mangsir 2062, a 12 points agreement was made between the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and CPN (Maosits) in New Delhi.
  5. On 24th Chaitra 2062 B.S., People’s Mass Movement II started.
  6. On 11thBaisakh 2063 B.S., King Gyanendra announced that the sovereign and royal power seized by him had been returned to the people and the movement was ended. The parliament was revived and the coalition government was formed under the premiership of Girija Prasad Koirala.
  7. On 4thJestha 2063 B.S., the revived parliament enforced “Historical Declaration of the House of Representatives.” This declaration brought a lot of significant political changes. The parliament decided to hold talks with the CPN Maoists and the election for Constituent Assembly.
  8. On 2ndAsar 2063 B.S., a 8 points agreement was made between the SPA and the CPN Maoists.
  9. On 5thMagh 2063 B.S., Comprehensive Peace Agreement was made between the government and the Maoists. This agreement declared the end of 11 years armed revolution of Maoists.
  10. On 1stMagh 2063 B.S., interim constitution was promulgated on the consent of the Maoists and the SPA.
  11. On 28th Chaitra 2064 B.S., election for Constitution Assembly was held and 601 membered CA was formed.
  12. On 15thJestha 2065 B.S., Nepal was declared as Federal Democratic Republic. The first CA elcted Dr. Ram Baran Yadav as the first president, Puspa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) as the first prime minister and Dr. ParamanandaJha as the first Vice-president of Nepal.
  13. Gyanendra left the Narayanhiti Palace and started living like ordinary people in Nagarjun from 31stJestha 2065 B.S.
  14. Due to the failure of the first CA in constitution making and state restructuring, it was dismissed on 14thJestha 2069 B.S. and the election for Second CA was held on 4thMangsir 2070 B.S. the new CA has been effortful to prepare a constitution acceptable for all people by 8thMagh 2071 B.S.

Group Activities:

  1. Explain the interim government of 2046 and its major functions.
  2. Explain the General election of 2048, mid-term election of 2051 and the underground armed revolution of Maoists.
  3. List out all important dates and their respective events related to people’s movement II and the peace process.
  4. List out all the changes that Mass movement II has brought to the country.

Presentation: All groups present their work in 10 minutes

Assignment:

  • Compare the people’s movement I and II. Write down the similarities and the differences between them.

Source: Modern History of Nepal, Mass Movement of 2046 and 2062/63 B.S. from the internet, teachers, friends and family members.

Presentation for the next day: A short skit on the agreement between the Maoists and the SPA. Discussions- preparation of the points in the agreement and sign the paper and exchange.

 

Quiz from History of Nepal:

(This quiz will get credit for the evaluation)

Date: ……………………. Full Mark: 62

SUBJECT: Social Studies

Name Roll No:

Questions for Quiz

  1. Name the 3 massacres that empowered Jung Bahadur.
  2. Tell the full date when Kot Massacre took place.
  3. Tell the full date when Bhandarkhal Massacre took place.
  4. Tell the year in B.S. when Alau Massacre took place.
  5. How many years did Ranarchy last?
  6. How many Ranas ruled over Nepal as prime-ministers?
  7. Tell any 4 causes of the revolution 2007 B.S.
  8. Who divided Ranas into A, B and C classes?
  9. Which class Ranas were not allowed in the role of succession?
  10. Why was Delhi Agreement called the tripartite agreement?
  11. Tell the full date in B.S. when Nepal was declared a democratic country after Delhi Agreement.
  12. Tell any 4 provisions of Delhi Agreement.
  13. Who was the commander of liberation army in the western front in the revolution 2007 B.S.?
  14. Tell any 4 results of the revolution 2007 B.S.
  15. Name the prime ministers of Nepal from 2007 to 2017 B.S.
  16. Who was Bhim Dutta Panta?
  17. When did king Tribhuvan pass away?
  18. When was parliamentary system ended by king Mahendra?
  19. When was Nepal divided into 14 zones and 75 districts?
  20. When was “Go to Village-National Campaign started?
  21. When did Janakpur incident take place?
  22. Name the leader who was hanged after Janakpur incident.
  23. When did Jhapa rebellion take place?
  24. Name the people killed in Sikhani Assassination.
  25. When did Timburbote incident take place?
  26. Name the people killed in Timburbote incident.
  27. Tell the full date when king Birendra announced the Referendum.
  28. Tell the full date when referendum was held.
  29. What were the 2 options given in the referendum 2036?
  30. What was the result of the referendum 2036?
  31. When did Piskar Assassination take place?
  32. Name the people killed by panchayat police in Piskar.
  33. Who started Satyagraha movement in the year 2042 B.S.?
  34. Who blasted bombs in several places in the year 2042 B.S.?
  35. Who were punished by the panchayat government for exploding bombs in 2042 B.S.?
  36. Tell the full date when the First Mass Movement began.
  37. Tell the full date when the first Mass Movement ended.
  38. Who was the commander of the first Mass Movement?
  39. Who is called the iron man in Nepali politics?
  40. What were the objectives of the first Mass Movement?
  41. Tell any 4 consequences of the first Mass Movement.
  42. What were the 2 major tasks of the interim government formed after the Mass Movement 2046?
  43. Tell the full date when constitution of the kingdom of Nepal 2047 implemented.
  44. Name the chairman of the constitution drafting committee in 2047.
  45. When was general election held after Jana Andolan I?
  46. Tell the full date when CPN Maoists started armed revolution.
  47. When did Royal Massacre take place?
  48. Tell the full date when king Gyanendra detained all political leaders.
  49. Tell the year when 12 points agreement was made between the SPA and Maoists.
  50. Tell the full date when Mass Movement II started.
  51. Tell the full date when Mass Movement II ended.
  52. When was “Declaration of the House of Representatives” enforced?
  53. Tell the full date when 8 points agreement was made between the SPA and the Maoists.
  54. Tell the full date when the 11 years long revolution of Maoists ended.
  55. When was the interim constitution 2063 implemented? Tell the full date.
  56. When did the election for the first CA held?
  57. When was Nepal declared Federal Democratic Republic?
  58. Name the first president of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
  59. Name the first prime minister of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
  60. Name the first vice-president of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
  61. Tell the full date when election for Second CA was held?
  62. How many members are there in the Second CA?